National Physical Therapy Examination (NPTE) Practice Exam

A patient taking anticoagulants is at risk for which side effect during exercise?

1. Ecchymosis

2. Deep vein thrombosis

3. Dehydration

4. Hypotension

The correct answer is: Ecchymosis

Patients on anticoagulants are at an increased risk for ecchymosis, which is the medical term for bruising. Anticoagulants work by inhibiting the blood's clotting ability, which can lead to a lack of protection against small injuries that would typically cause minor bleeding. During exercise, physical activity can cause microtrauma to tissues and blood vessels, leading to localized bleeding beneath the skin. This results in the appearance of bruises or ecchymosis, especially in areas where there is direct impact or motion. The other options present risks that are less specific to individuals on anticoagulants. For example, deep vein thrombosis is a condition that individuals take anticoagulants to prevent, rather than a direct side effect from exercising while on these medications. Dehydration can happen in anyone during exercise regardless of medication, and hypotension can occur due to various reasons, not specifically related to anticoagulation therapy. Therefore, ecchymosis is clearly the most relevant concern for patients taking anticoagulants during exercise.