National Physical Therapy Examination (NPTE) Practice Exam

A patient with respiratory distress is characterized by which of the following symptoms?

1. Dyspnea and cyanosis

2. Cramping muscle and fatigue

3. Chest pain and dizziness

4. Coughing and wheezing

The correct answer is: Dyspnea and cyanosis

The characteristics of a patient experiencing respiratory distress prominently include dyspnea, which refers to shortness of breath or difficulty breathing, and cyanosis, a bluish discoloration of the skin indicating inadequate oxygenation. These symptoms are direct indicators of compromised respiratory function, where the body struggles to maintain adequate airflow and oxygen exchange. While symptoms like cramping muscle and fatigue may emerge in various conditions, they are not specific indicators of respiratory distress. Chest pain and dizziness can occur in numerous medical scenarios, including those that involve cardiac events rather than respiratory issues. Coughing and wheezing may indicate underlying respiratory issues, but they do not necessarily reflect the immediate critical state of respiratory distress like dyspnea and cyanosis do. Thus, the combination of dyspnea and cyanosis serves to specifically highlight the severity and urgency of respiratory distress in patients.