National Physical Therapy Examination (NPTE) Practice Exam

A physical therapist assistant documents a 3+ pitting edema classification. What does this indicate?

1. A slight indentation that returns to normal after 15 seconds

2. A slight indentation that returns to normal after 30 seconds

3. A deep indentation that returns to normal within 30 seconds

4. A deep indentation that remains for more than 30 seconds

The correct answer is: A deep indentation that returns to normal within 30 seconds

When assessing pitting edema, the classification system ranges from 1+ to 4+, with higher numbers indicating more severe edema. A classification of 3+ pitting edema specifically describes a deep indentation that remains noticeable for about 30 seconds after pressure is applied. This means that when the therapist presses down on the swollen area, the indentation created is significant enough that it takes time for the skin to return to its normal state. This classification implies a moderate to severe accumulation of fluid in the interstitial spaces, which can be indicative of various medical conditions or post-surgical states. Understanding these classifications aids practitioners in evaluating the severity of the condition and planning appropriate interventions. In this context, the other options misrepresent the characteristics of 3+ edema, focusing either on lesser degrees of indentation or incorrect timing for skin recovery, which clarifies why they do not accurately fit the definition of this level of edema.