National Physical Therapy Examination (NPTE) Practice Exam

In managing a patient, which condition could cause swelling and fluid retention in a home care setting?

1. Asthma exacerbation

2. Congestive heart failure

3. Chronic Kidney Disease

4. Pneumonia

The correct answer is: Congestive heart failure

Congestive heart failure can lead to swelling and fluid retention in a home care setting due to the heart's impaired ability to pump blood effectively. When the heart is unable to maintain adequate circulation, fluid can back up in the veins, leading to increased pressure that forces fluid out of the blood vessels and into surrounding tissues. This often results in edema, particularly in the lower extremities and sometimes in the abdomen. Fluid retention can also occur because the kidneys attempt to compensate for decreased cardiac output by retaining sodium and water, further contributing to the swelling. In home care environments, patients with congestive heart failure might require monitoring for weight changes, edema, and other symptoms related to fluid overload, making it a significant condition to be aware of for managing overall health and quality of life. In contrast, while asthma exacerbation can lead to breathing difficulties, it is not primarily associated with fluid retention. Chronic Kidney Disease also causes fluid retention, but it is primarily a renal-related issue, and the question implies a more direct relationship with heart function. Pneumonia can cause respiratory symptoms and systemic effects but does not typically result in localized swelling and fluid retention in the manner seen with congestive heart failure.