National Physical Therapy Examination (NPTE) Practice Exam

What characterizes a stage IV pressure injury?

1. Intact skin with localized non-blanchable erythema

2. Full-thickness loss of skin with adipose tissue visible

3. Full-thickness loss of skin with fascia, tendon, muscle exposed

4. Partial-thickness skin loss with exposed dermis

The correct answer is: Full-thickness loss of skin with fascia, tendon, muscle exposed

A stage IV pressure injury is characterized by full-thickness loss of skin, with fascia, tendon, or muscle visible. This means that the damage extends deeply, involving not just the skin but also the underlying structures, indicating a severe level of tissue damage. The presence of exposed muscle or bone can significantly increase the risk of infection and often requires aggressive treatment, including surgical intervention, to promote healing and prevent complications. Understanding the characteristics of a stage IV pressure injury helps in identifying the severity of the wound, which is critical for determining the appropriate treatment plan. This stage indicates a significant clinical concern that necessitates immediate attention and comprehensive care to manage the injury effectively. The other options describe different stages of pressure injuries; for instance, intact skin with non-blanchable erythema represents a stage I injury, while full-thickness loss with only adipose tissue visible refers to stage III. Partial-thickness skin loss with exposed dermis indicates a stage II injury. Each stage reflects a different level of severity and requires tailored care strategies to promote healing and prevent further deterioration.