National Physical Therapy Examination (NPTE) Practice Exam

What distinguishes central cord syndrome in terms of recovery potential?

1. Lower extremities are more affected than upper extremities

2. Patients typically do not recover ambulation

3. Ambulation is often retained with weakness in distal arm function

4. Full recovery of upper extremity function is common

The correct answer is: Ambulation is often retained with weakness in distal arm function

Central cord syndrome is characterized by a preferable involvement of the upper extremities compared to the lower extremities, which is a key aspect that influences recovery potential. Patients with this condition often retain the ability to ambulate, although they experience weakness, particularly in the distal muscles of the arms and hands. This is because the fibers that control the upper extremities are situated more centrally within the spinal cord and are therefore disproportionately affected when compared to those that control the lower extremities. Ambulation is often preserved because the pathways primarily responsible for independent walking—those controlling the lower body—are less affected. Therefore, while patients may struggle with fine motor skills and strength in their hands and fingers, their overall ability to walk can remain intact. This distinctive recovery pattern sets central cord syndrome apart from other types of spinal cord injuries, showcasing a unique aspect of the condition’s presentation and prognosis. The other responses do not accurately reflect the typical clinical outcomes associated with central cord syndrome. While some patients may experience varying degrees of recovery, the general expectation is that ambulation can be maintained, making the potential for recovery nuanced and influenced by the specific characteristics of the syndrome.