National Physical Therapy Examination (NPTE) Practice Exam

What effect does prolonged use of corticosteroids have on a patient's cardiovascular system?

1. Leads to bradycardia

2. Increases blood pressure

3. Causes tachycardia

4. Induces arrhythmias

The correct answer is: Increases blood pressure

The prolonged use of corticosteroids is known to lead to an increase in blood pressure. Corticosteroids can cause sodium and water retention, which in turn leads to a higher blood volume and subsequently elevates blood pressure. This effect can contribute to hypertension in patients undergoing long-term corticosteroid therapy. Corticosteroids also influence various metabolic pathways, affecting the balance of electrolytes and fluid in the body. Increased retention of sodium can trigger the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, further promoting vasoconstriction and increasing blood pressure. While other options may relate to cardiovascular concerns, they do not accurately reflect the primary cardiovascular effect of long-term corticosteroid use, which is an increase in blood pressure. Understanding this relationship helps clinicians monitor patients more effectively and apply necessary interventions when prescribing corticosteroids for extended periods.