National Physical Therapy Examination (NPTE) Practice Exam

What is the primary purpose of an arterial line in a hospital setting?

1. To measure right arterial pressure

2. To measure pulmonary artery pressure

3. To measure heart rate and oxygen saturation

4. To measure blood pressure

The correct answer is: To measure blood pressure

The primary purpose of an arterial line in a hospital setting is to measure blood pressure. This specialized catheter is inserted into a patient's artery, often the radial or femoral artery, allowing for continuous monitoring of systemic blood pressure in real time. This is particularly beneficial in critically ill patients who require frequent blood pressure measurements and immediate feedback on their hemodynamic status. Furthermore, an arterial line allows for the collection of blood samples for arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis without the need for repeated needle sticks, which is crucial for patients needing intensive monitoring of their respiratory and metabolic status. The continuous nature of blood pressure monitoring provided by the arterial line helps guide treatment decisions, medication adjustments, and fluid management, ensuring optimal patient care in acute settings. While it’s true that arterial lines can be associated with other measurements or uses, such as facilitating cardiac procedures or blood draws, their primary and most critical function remains blood pressure measurement, particularly in environments that demand precise hemodynamic monitoring.