National Physical Therapy Examination (NPTE) Practice Exam

What vital sign is expected to remain normal in patients with chronic respiratory disease?

1. Blood pressure

2. Heart rate

3. Respiratory rate

4. Oxygen saturation

The correct answer is: Oxygen saturation

In patients with chronic respiratory disease, oxygen saturation is expected to remain normal in certain contexts, especially when the disease is stable and adequately managed. Chronic respiratory diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or asthma, can lead to fluctuations in other vital signs like heart rate and respiratory rate due to factors like exertion, anxiety, or acute exacerbations. Blood pressure may also vary based on overall cardiovascular health and activity levels but is not directly affected by respiratory status. Oxygen saturation represents the percentage of hemoglobin binding sites in the bloodstream occupied by oxygen. In a well-managed patient with chronic respiratory disease, the body may adapt over time to maintain near-normal levels of oxygen saturation through mechanisms such as increased red blood cell production or improved efficiency in oxygen utilization. However, it’s important to note that during exacerbations or in poorly controlled cases, oxygen saturation could be compromised, but the question is focused on patients who are stable. Thus, maintaining a normal oxygen saturation level reflects appropriate management and adaptation to the chronic condition.