National Physical Therapy Examination (NPTE) Practice Exam

Which characteristic is shared by individuals with complete spinal cord injury at C5 and T4?

1. Decreased respiratory ability

2. Decreased risk of deep vein thrombosis

3. Inability to mobilize a wheelchair

4. Ability to extend wrists

The correct answer is: Decreased respiratory ability

Individuals with complete spinal cord injuries at C5 and T4 share a characteristic of decreased respiratory ability due to the neurological pathways affected by the injury. At the C5 level, while patients can have some recruitment of the diaphragm, they often have diminished respiratory capacity due to compromised innervation to the respiratory muscles, particularly affecting their ability to deep breathe effectively. At T4, the injury impacts the thoracic nerves, which play a significant role in the control of the intercostal muscles, further diminishing respiratory function. People with spinal cord injuries at these levels may rely heavily on accessory muscles for breathing, which are not as effective as the primary respiratory muscles. Consequently, enforced reliance on these muscles can lead to respiratory complications, a higher risk of pneumonia, and the need for assisted ventilation. While individuals with injuries at these levels may face various mobility limitations, the decrease in respiratory ability is a direct physiological outcome of the spinal lesions, affecting their overall health and well-being.