National Physical Therapy Examination (NPTE) Practice Exam

Which laboratory finding would best indicate an increased risk of atherosclerosis?

1. Low-density lipoprotein elevation

2. High-density lipoprotein elevation

3. Normal triglyceride levels

4. Increased blood glucose

The correct answer is: Low-density lipoprotein elevation

An elevation in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is a significant factor indicating an increased risk of atherosclerosis. LDL is often referred to as "bad" cholesterol because it contributes to the buildup of fatty plaques in the arteries. These plaques can narrow the arteries and lead to various cardiovascular diseases, such as heart attacks and strokes. High levels of LDL cholesterol in the bloodstream can lead to the development of atherosclerosis, which is characterized by the thickening and hardening of the arterial walls due to plaque formation. Therefore, monitoring LDL levels is crucial in assessing a patient's risk for cardiovascular events. In contrast, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) is known as "good" cholesterol because it helps remove other types of cholesterol from the bloodstream. Normal triglyceride levels by themselves do not reliably indicate atherosclerosis risk, as they can be influenced by various factors that do not necessarily correlate with arterial plaque buildup. Increased blood glucose levels can contribute to conditions like diabetes and metabolic syndrome, which are associated with cardiovascular risks; however, it is the elevation of LDL specifically that is most directly linked to the development of atherosclerosis.