National Physical Therapy Examination (NPTE) Practice Exam

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Which of the following best describes pectus carinatum?

  1. A posterior indentation of the sternum and chest

  2. Paradoxical movement of the rib cage

  3. An anterior protrusion of the sternum and chest

  4. A cone-shaped appearance of the rib cage

The correct answer is: An anterior protrusion of the sternum and chest

Pectus carinatum is characterized by an anterior protrusion of the sternum and the chest wall, leading to a noticeable bulging appearance. This deformity, often referred to as "pigeon chest," results from abnormal growth of the cartilage connecting the ribs to the sternum, which causes the sternum to push outward rather than lying flat or being recessed. The condition can often be observed visually and may affect respiratory function and physical appearance, but it typically has a more benign impact on health compared to other chest wall deformities. In contrast to pectus excavatum, which involves a depression in the sternum, pectus carinatum distinctly presents with that protrusion. Understanding the distinct nature of these deformities is key in the evaluation and management of chest wall abnormalities.

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