National Physical Therapy Examination (NPTE) Practice Exam

Which symptom is indicative of Cushing syndrome?

1. Weight loss

2. Skin rash

3. Hypertension

4. Hypoglycemia

The correct answer is: Hypertension

Cushing syndrome is characterized by chronic exposure to excess levels of cortisol, which can arise from various factors such as tumors on the adrenal glands or pituitary gland. One of the hallmark symptoms of this condition is hypertension, or high blood pressure. The excessive cortisol influences the body's ability to regulate sodium and fluid balance, often resulting in increased blood volume and, consequently, elevated blood pressure. While other symptoms may accompany Cushing syndrome, such as weight gain, changes in skin texture, and increased risk for infections, elevated blood pressure stands out as a significant and common feature. Weight loss (notably listed as a symptom in one of the options) is generally not associated with Cushing syndrome but rather with conditions that cause inadequate cortisol levels. Skin rash is also not a primary symptom of Cushing syndrome; instead, the skin may exhibit signs of thinning or easy bruising. Hypoglycemia can result from various conditions, but in Cushing syndrome, glucose levels are often elevated due to cortisol’s effects on insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism. Thus, hypertension is a clear indicator of Cushing syndrome due to the physiological effects of excess cortisol on the cardiovascular system.