National Physical Therapy Examination (NPTE) Practice Exam

Which vital sign presents the most significant concern when heart rate is at 58 bpm, respiratory rate is 7 bpm?

1. Blood pressure

2. Temperature

3. Heart rate

4. Respiratory rate

The correct answer is: Respiratory rate

When assessing vital signs, each plays a crucial role in evaluating a patient's overall health, but in this scenario, the respiratory rate at 7 bpm is particularly concerning. A normal respiratory rate for adults typically ranges from 12 to 20 breaths per minute. A rate of 7 bpm indicates severe bradypnea and suggests serious respiratory depression. This low respiratory rate can result in inadequate oxygenation and increased carbon dioxide levels in the blood, potentially leading to respiratory failure. The body heavily relies on adequate respiratory function to maintain gas exchange, and a significant disruption can rapidly escalate into a life-threatening condition. While a heart rate of 58 bpm may signal bradycardia, the criticality often depends on symptoms and context, such as whether the patient is symptomatic (e.g., lethargy, weakness, or hypotension). In this situation, the respiratory rate presents an immediate concern because it directly affects oxygen delivery to the tissues and can quickly compromise vital functions. Therefore, focusing on the respiratory rate is essential for prioritizing patient care and intervention.