National Physical Therapy Examination (NPTE) Practice Exam

What method is commonly used to determine total body surface area (TBSA) for burn patients?

1. Rule of nines

2. Tzanck smear

3. Complete blood count (CBC)

4. Bates-Jensen assessment tool

The correct answer is: Rule of nines

The Rule of Nines is a widely accepted method for estimating the total body surface area (TBSA) affected by burns in adult patients. This assessment divides the body into sections, each representing approximately 9% (or a multiple thereof) of the total body surface area. For example, the head and neck account for 9%, each arm accounts for 9%, each leg accounts for 18% (9% for the front and 9% for the back), the anterior torso for 18%, and the posterior torso for 18%. This approach allows healthcare providers to quickly and efficiently assess the severity of burns and make informed decisions regarding treatment, including fluid resuscitation needs and transfer to specialized burn units. In contrast, the other methods listed are not appropriate for estimating TBSA in burn cases. A Tzanck smear is a diagnostic test for identifying herpes simplex and other viral infections of the skin. A complete blood count (CBC) is a blood test used to evaluate overall health and detect a variety of disorders such as anemia or infection, but it does not provide any information regarding burn surface area. The Bates-Jensen assessment tool is used to assess pressure ulcers and does not pertain to the evaluation of burns. Thus, the Rule