National Physical Therapy Examination (NPTE) Practice Exam

What syndrome is most likely present in a pregnant female who experiences dizziness and nausea while doing pelvic floor exercises in supine position?

1. Increased pressure on IVC causing hypertensive syndrome

2. Increased pressure on IVC causing hypotensive syndrome

3. Increased pressure on SVC causing hypertensive syndrome

4. Increased pressure on SVC causing hypotensive syndrome

The correct answer is: Increased pressure on IVC causing hypotensive syndrome

The situation described relates to a common phenomenon that can occur during pregnancy known as supine hypotensive syndrome. This condition is primarily caused by the compression of the inferior vena cava (IVC) when the pregnant individual is in the supine (lying on the back) position, especially in the later stages of pregnancy when the uterus is larger and can exert considerable pressure on the IVC. When the IVC is compressed, it decreases venous return to the heart, leading to a reduction in cardiac output and subsequently causing hypotension. The symptoms of dizziness and nausea that the pregnant female experiences while performing pelvic floor exercises in this position are consistent with changes in blood flow and decreased perfusion to the brain resulting from the lowered blood pressure. This physiological response highlights the importance of positioning and monitoring during physical therapy and exercise for pregnant individuals. Adjustments such as transitioning to a lateral position can alleviate pressure on the IVC, mitigating the symptoms associated with this syndrome. Thus, understanding this mechanism is crucial for ensuring safety and comfort during therapeutic exercises in pregnant individuals.