National Physical Therapy Examination (NPTE) Practice Exam

When comparing maximal oxygen uptake values, how do values from an upper extremity exercise test differ from those obtained in a lower extremity test?

1. 30% to 40% lower

2. The same

3. 10% to 20% higher

4. 30% to 40% higher

The correct answer is: 30% to 40% lower

Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max) is a measure of the greatest amount of oxygen that an individual can utilize during intense exercise and is influenced by the muscle mass involved in the exercise. Upper extremity exercises, such as arm cycling, typically utilize smaller muscle groups compared to lower extremity exercises, like cycling on a stationary bike or running, which engage larger muscle groups such as those in the legs. Research indicates that the maximal oxygen uptake values achieved during upper extremity exercises are generally 30% to 40% lower than those obtained during lower extremity activities. This difference arises because the larger muscles in the lower body can generate more power and require a higher volume of oxygen during exertion compared to the smaller muscles in the upper body. As a result, individuals will typically demonstrate a reduced cardiovascular response during upper extremity testing. Factors such as the overall conditioning of the individual, their body composition, and any possible pre-existing health conditions may influence these values; however, in general terms, the significant difference in muscle mass involved in the two types of exercise leads to the noted disparity in oxygen uptake readings.