National Physical Therapy Examination (NPTE) Practice Exam

Which of the following symptoms may indicate a complication after a brachial plexus injury?

1. Increased shoulder mobility

2. Loss of upper limb sensation

3. Improved hand function

4. Absence of pain

The correct answer is: Loss of upper limb sensation

Loss of upper limb sensation is a significant symptom that may indicate a complication following a brachial plexus injury. The brachial plexus is a network of nerves that originates from the spinal cord in the neck and runs down through the arm. This network is responsible for the sensory and motor innervation to the upper limb. An injury to this area can disrupt the normal function of these nerves, leading to sensory deficits. When there is a loss of sensation, it suggests that the nerves responsible for transmitting sensory signals from the skin to the brain have been affected. This could be due to nerve damage, neuropathy, or even complete avulsion of nerve roots. On the other hand, increased shoulder mobility may not necessarily indicate a complication; rather, it could suggest recovery or compensation from a prior limitation in movement. Improved hand function also reflects positive outcomes and recovery rather than complications. Lastly, the absence of pain is generally a favorable sign indicating that there may not be ongoing nerve irritation or injury, rather than a complication. Therefore, loss of upper limb sensation is a clear indication of complications that may arise from a brachial plexus injury.